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Artigos de Pesquisa

v. 14 (2026): Publicação Contínua

Retornos Crescentes, Especialização Produtiva e a Teoria da Firma.

DOI
https://doi.org/10.30800/mises.2026.v14.1631
Enviado
outubro 23, 2025
Publicado
2026-08-24

Resumo

Teorizar sobre retornos crescentes é ao mesmo tempo promessa e paradoxo. A retroalimentação positiva pode gerar dinâmicas explosivas, enquanto o foco em retornos decrescentes exclui explicações coerentes da inovação. Este artigo examina como processos de retornos crescentes moldam a evolução dos mercados e a organização das firmas, integrando insights da complexidade e da economia austríaca. Firmas e empreendedores emergem como geradores centrais de retornos, pois “ilhas de especialização” internalizam tarefas específicas e complementares que os mercados “spot” não conseguem coordenar. Ao capturar a especialização produtiva, as firmas impulsionam o crescimento intraorganizacional e a transformação setorial. Contudo, além de certa escala, elas enfrentam limites de cálculo decorrentes da ausência de sinais de preços externos para os bens. Assim, referências externas impõem um teto à expansão, introduzindo uma retroalimentação cataláctica estabilizadora. Nossa análise explica por que as firmas surgem, crescem e enfrentam limites, enriquecendo ambas as tradições e oferecendo uma visão coerente das fronteiras organizacionais.

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