Instructions for Authors

Updated on may 27th, 2024

1) The author is responsible for proofreading. MISES JOURNAL is not responsible for spell-checking and no textual changes will be made after publication.

2) Choose the most appropriate section for your article. The Sections Policy can be accessed here. here.

3) The order of authors must be placed exactly as it will be published, we will not accept changes after publication.

4) During submission, in the Authors' Institution field, the authors' affiliation must always contain the city, state and country, and be written in full, for the sake of standardization and formality. With regard to the latter, avoid using adjectives, as this makes the writing informal.

Examples:

Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.

Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina - UCA, Buenos Aires, Argentina

Metropolitan State University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA

In the Biography Summary field, enter a summary of up to 500 characters.

4) The text must be written in Word, body 12, Times New Roman font, 1.5 spacing, A4 page, justified and paragraphs with a 1.25 cm entry. Articles must not exceed 43 pages.

5) The structure must follow the following sequence: title; abstract (between 800 and 1000 characters with space); five keywords duly separated with a comma ( , ); title in English; abstract and keywords; title in Spanish, resumen and palabras clave and text. The text must have an introduction and conclusion (unnumbered) and the appropriate items and sub-items for the development of the work.

6) The footnotes should only contain comments and observations by the authors and should be in font 10, Times New Roman, single spaced. References should not be inserted in the footnotes, but in the final section for listing the authors.

8) Foreign words, technical terms or highlighted terms should be italicized. Quotation marks only for direct quotes. Italics should not be used to highlight words. These should be bolded. Except in the case of direct quotations, where it is necessary to transcribe verbatim. However, in this case, [emphasis in original] must be indicated in square brackets.

9) Quotations of less than 4 lines should appear in the body of the text, in quotation marks without italics. Quotations longer than four lines should be highlighted in a block of text with a 4 cm indent to the left in size 11 font, without quotation marks.

10) Figures, Graphs and Tables: Figures should be as high resolution as possible, with a minimum resolution of 300 dpi. For both Figures, Graphs and Tables, the title should be inserted at the top, with an Arabic numeral, centered, indent and title, font size 12 in bold; at the bottom, the source (reference to the document from which the information/data was extracted) font size 10, centered.

11) After the conclusion of the text, appendices, annexes and acknowledgments can be inserted. Acknowledgments are used to refer to any grant or institution providing financial support for the research.

12) During the process of submitting the manuscript until the article is published, the identification of authorship is information restricted to the Editors and should only be included in the author registration field during electronic submission.

13) Submissions go through a plagiarism detection system.

To avoid plagiarism, we suggest that authors pay attention to the following recommendations:

- Paraphrase: put the idea in your own words. Make sure you don't literally copy more than two words in one line of the text. If you use longer passages, you should enclose them in quotation marks.

- Quotation: follow APA style document formatting guidelines. It involves adding the names of the authors and the date of publication or similar information. Failure to cite correctly may constitute plagiarism. When citing a source, use the phrase exactly as it appears in the original text.

- Citing a quotation: this practice dispenses with the use of the apud denoting that the quotation is within the work of another author, taking care to inform the page, year and both authors involved (cited and the citing).

- Self-citation: if the authors use their own ideas, but have already published them, they must self-cite. Using material that has already been published without properly referencing it is called self-plagiarism.

14) As of the 2024 edition, MISES JOURNAL adopts the APA system of citation and referencing.

APA Format Citation Guide

Souce: Mendeley: https://www.mendeley.com/guides/apa-citation-guide/

This is a complete guide to APA (American Psychological Association) in-text and reference list citations. This easy-to-use, comprehensive guide makes citing any source easy.

Core Components of an APA Reference:

1. APA Referencing Basics: Reference List

A reference list is a complete list of references used in a piece of writing including the author name, date of publication, title and more. An APA reference list must:

Be on a new page at the end of the document
Be centred
Be alphabetically by name of first author (or title if the author isn’t known, in this case a, an and the should be ignored)

If there are multiple works by the same author these are ordered by date, if the works are in the same year they are ordered alphabetically by the title and are allocated a letter (a,b,c etc) after the date

Contain full references for all in-text references used

2. APA Referencing Basics: In-Text Citation

In-text references must be included following the use of a quote or paraphrase taken from another piece of work.

In-text citations are citations within the main body of the text and refer to a direct quote or paraphrase. They correspond to a reference in the main reference list. These citations include the surname of the author and date of publication only. Using an example author James Mitchell, this takes the form:

Mitchell (2017) states… Or …(Mitchell, 2017).

The structure of this changes depending on whether a direct quote or parenthetical used:

Direct Quote: The citation must follow the quote directly and contain a page number after the date, for example (Mitchell, 2017, p.104). This rule holds for all of the variations listed.
Parenthetical: The page number is not needed.

Two Authors:

The surname of both authors is stated with either ‘and’ or an ampersand between. For example:

Mitchell and Smith (2017) state… Or …(Mitchell & Smith, 2017).

Three, Four or Five Authors:

For the first cite, all names should be listed:

Mitchell, Smith, and Thomson (2017) state… Or …(Mitchell, Smith, & Thomson, 2017).

Further cites can be shorted to the first author’s name followed by et al:

Mitchell et al (2017) state… Or …(Mitchell et al, 2017).

Six or More Authors:

Only the first author’s surname should be stated followed by et al, see the above example.

No Authors:

If the author is unknown, the first few words of the reference should be used. This is usually the title of the source.

If this is the title of a book, periodical, brochure or report, is should be italicised. For example:

(A guide to citation, 2017).

If this is the title of an article, chapter or web page, it should be in quotation marks. For example:

(“APA Citation”, 2017).

Citing Authors With Multiple Works From One Year:

Works should be cited with a, b, c etc following the date. These letters are assigned within the reference list, which is sorted alphabetically by the surname of the first author. For example:

(Mitchell, 2017a) Or (Mitchell, 2017b).

Citing Multiple Works in One Parentheses:

If these works are by the same author, the surname is stated once followed by the dates in order chronologically. For instance:

Mitchell (2007, 2013, 2017) Or (Mitchell, 2007, 2013, 2017)

If these works are by multiple authors then the references are ordered alphabetically by the first author separated by a semicolon as follows:

(Mitchell & Smith 2017; Thomson, Coyne, & Davis, 2015).

Citing a Group or Organisation:

For the first cite, the full name of the group must be used. Subsequently this can be shortened. For example:

First cite: (International Citation Association, 2015)

Further Cites: (Citation Association, 2015)

Citing a Secondary Source:

In this situation the original author and date should be stated first followed by ‘as cited in’ followed by the author and date of the secondary source. For example:

Lorde (1980) as cited in Mitchell (2017) Or (Lorde, 1980, as cited in Mitchell, 2017)

3. How to Cite Different Source Types

In-text citation doesn’t vary depending on source type, unless the author is unknown.
Reference list citations are highly variable depending on the source.

How to Cite a Book (Title, not chapter) in APA Format

Book referencing is the most basic style; it matches the template above, minus the URL section. So the basic format of a book reference is as follows:

Book referencing examples:

Mitchell, J.A., Thomson, M., & Coyne, R.P. (2017). A guide to citation. London, England: My Publisher

Jones, A.F & Wang, L. (2011). Spectacular creatures: The Amazon rainforest (2nd ed.). San Jose, Costa Rica: My Publisher

How to Cite an Edited Book in APA Format

This reference format is very similar to the book format apart from one extra inclusion: (Ed(s)). The basic format is as follows:

Edited book example:

Williams, S.T. (Ed.). (2015). Referencing: A guide to citation rules (3rd ed.). New York, NY: My Publisher

How to Cite a Chapter in an Edited Book in APA Format

Edited books are collations of chapters written by different authors. To reference a single chapter, a different format is needed. The basic structure is as follows:

Edited book chapter example:

In the following example, B.N. Troy is the author of the chapter and S.T. Williams is the editor.

Troy, B.N. (2015). APA citation rules. In S.T, Williams (Ed.). A guide to citation rules (2nd ed., pp. 50-95). New York, NY: Publishers.

How to Cite an E-Book in APA Format

An E-Book reference is the same as a book reference expect the publisher is swapped for a URL. The basic structure is as follows:

Author surname, initial(s) (Ed(s).*). (Year). Title (ed.*). Retrieved from URL

*optional.

E-Book example:

Mitchell, J.A., Thomson, M., & Coyne, R.P. (2017). A guide to citation. Retrieved from https://www.mendeley.com/reference-management/reference-manager

How to Cite an E-Book Chapter in APA Format

This follows the same structure as an edited book chapter reference except the publisher is exchanged for a URL. The structure is as follows:

Last name of the chapter author, initial(s). (Year). Chapter title. In editor initial(s), surname (Ed.). Title (ed., pp.chapter page range). Retrieved from URL

E-Book chapter example:

Troy, B.N. (2015). APA citation rules. In S.T, Williams (Ed.). A guide to citation rules (2nd ed., pp. 50-95). Retrieved from https://www.mendeley.com/reference-management/reference-manager

How to Cite a Journal Article in Print or Online in APA Format

Articles differ from book citations in that the publisher and publisher location are not included. For journal articles, these are replaced with the journal title, volume number, issue number and page number. The basic structure is:

Journal Article Examples:

Mitchell, J.A. (2017). Citation: Why is it so important. Mendeley Journal, 67(2), 81-95

Mitchell, J.A. (2017). Citation: Why is it so important. Mendeley Journal, 67(2), 81-95. Retrieved from https://www.mendeley.com/reference-management/reference-manager

How to Cite a Newspaper Articles in Print or Online in APA Format

The basic structure is as follows:

Author surname, initial(s). (Year, Month Day). Title. Title of Newspaper, column/section, p. or pp. Retrieved from URL*

**Only include if the article is online.

Note: the date includes the year, month and date.

Newspaper Articles Example:

Mitchell, J.A. (2017). Changes to citation formats shake the research world. The Mendeley Telegraph, Research News, pp.9. Retrieved from https://www.mendeley.com/reference-management/reference-manager

How to Cite Magazine Articles in Print or Online in APA Format

The basic structure is as follows:

Author surname, initial(s). (Year, month day). Title. Title of the Magazine, pp.

Magazine Article Example:

Mitchell, J.A. (2017). How citation changed the research world. The Mendeley, pp. 26-28

How to Cite Non-Print Material in APA Format

How to Cite an Image in APA Format

The basic format to cite an image is:

Image Example:

Millais, J.E. (1851-1852). Ophelia [painting]. Retrieved from www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/millais-ophelia-n01506

How to Cite a Film in APA Format

The basic format of a film citation is:

Producer surname, initial (Producer), & Director surname, initial (Director). (Year of Release). Title of film [Motion Picture]. Country of Origin: Studio.

Film Example:

Hitchcock, A. (Producer), & Hitchcock, A. (1954) Rear window. United States of America: Paramount Pictures.

How to Cite a TV Programme in APA Format

The basic format is as follows:

Writer surname, initial(s) (Writer), & Director surname, initial(s) (Director). (Year of Release). Episode title [Television series episode]. In Executive producer surname, initial(s) (Executive Producer), TV series name. City, State of original channel: Network, Studio or Distributor

TV Programme Example:

Catlin, M., and Walley-Beckett, Moire (Writers), & Johnson, R (Director). (2010). Fly [Television series episode]. In Schnauz, T. (Executive Producer). Breaking bad. Culver City, CA: Sony Pictures Television

How to Cite a Song in APA Format

The basic format to cite a song in APA format is as follows:

Song Example:

Beyonce, Diplo, MNEK, Koenig, E., Haynie, E., Tillman, J., and Rhoden, S.M. (2016) Hold up [Recorded by Beyonce]. On Lemonade [visual album]. New York, NY: Parkwood Records (August 16)