Multipoverty in Venezuela
A Libertarian Approach
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30800/mises.2018.v0.949Keywords:
Multipoverty, poverty, Venezuela, Libertarian approach, economic freedomAbstract
Poverty has been defined by several authors and international organizations from similar perspectives. However, those definitions tend to be simplistic and not powerful enough to deal with complex situations that involve different points of view on the poverty phenomenon. The aim of this paper is to use a praxeological standpoint and introduce a new definition, multipoverty, while using it to analyze the current crisis in Venezuela. Three main conclusions are drawn: in current Venezuela, all common people are very likely to be poor, and a social explosion there is possible; the nature of the human being is too complex to be analyzed under a simplistic approach based on the rigidness of pure quantitative methods; the multipoverty approach adds a humanistic, praxeological, and individualistic edge, based upon ideas of freedom of action, to the traditional definitions of poverty and helps to better understand the phenomena.
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References
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FARÍA, Hugo; FILARDO, Leonor. Venezuela: Without Liberals There Is No Liberalism. Econ Journal Watch, s/l, v. 12, n. 3, 2015.
FARÍA, Hugo. Hugo Chávez Against the Backdrop of Venezuelan Economic and Political History. The Independent Review, s/l, v. 12, n. 4, 2008.
FARÍA, Hugo. La tiranía de las minorías. In: ZULOAGA, Nicomedes; et. al. (eds.). Constitución, Socialismo y Mercantilismo en América Latina. Caracas: CEDICE, 2007, p.171-220.
FRONJOSA, Ernesto. La fatal dependencia: El estatismo como cultura en los países latinoamericanos. Cuadernos Unimetanos, v.6, n. 28, 2011.
GWARTNEY, James; LAWSON, Robert; HALL, Joshua. Economic Freedom of the World 2017 Annual Report. Fraser Institute, september 28, 2017. Available at: < https://www.fraserinstitute.org/studies/economic-freedom-of-the-world-2017-annual-report>. Accessed on: Jul 15 2018.
HANKE, Steve. Venezuela’s Inflation Breaches 25,000%. Forbes, may 31, 2018. Available at: <https://www.forbes.com/sites/stevehanke/2018/05/31/venezuelas-inflation-breaches-25000/#62f6d6906d57>. Accessed on: Jun 30 2018.
HARMATH, Pedro; ACEVEDO, Rafael. Determinantes económicos de la pobreza total en Venezuela: 1975-2000. Economía, s/l, v. 28, n. 34, 2009.
HAZLITT, Henry. The Conquest of Poverty. New York: Foundation for Economic Education, Inc., 1996.
HOPENHAYN, Martin. Ni apocalípticos ni integrados. Las aventuras de la modernidad en América Latina. Santiago de Chile: Fondo de Cultura Económica, 1994.
MASSABIÉ, Germán. Venezuela: A Petro-State Using Renewable Energies. Berlin: Springer Science and Business Media, 2009.
MISES, Ludwig von. Human Action: A Treatise on Economics. Auburn: Ludwig von Mises Institute, 1998.
PEÑA, Omaira; HARMATH, Pedro; ACEVEDO, Rafael. Pobreza: Percepción y Enfoques. Un Análisis para Venezuela. Nómadas, s/l, n. Special Latin America, 2013.
RIERA, Maria Puerta. Venezuela: The Decline of a Democracy. Development 60, p.174-179, n. 3-4, 2017.
ROTHBARD, Murray. Man, Economy and State with Power and Market. Auburn: Ludwig von Mises Institute, 2009.
SEN, Amartya. Nuevo Examen de la Desigualdad. Spain: Alianza, 1998.
TRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL. Corruption Perceptions Index 2017. Published by Transparency International on February 21, 2018. Available at: < https://www.transparency.org/news/feature/corruption_perceptions_index_2017>. Accessed on: May 5 2018.
UGALDE, Luis. Salir de la Pobreza. Opinión y Noticias, october 21, 2010. Available at: <http://www.opinionynoticias.com/opinionpolitica/6099-salir-de-la-pobreza>. Accessed on: Jun 20 2018.
UGAZ, José. Venezuela continúa siendo el país más corrupto de Latinoamérica. El Nacional, january 25, 2017. Available at: <http://www.el-nacional.com/noticias/gobierno/venezuela-continua-siendo-pais-mas-corrupto-latinoamerica_77413>. Accessed on: Mar 16 2018.
UNESCO. Glossary of Terms. UNESCO, s/d. Available at: <http://www.unesco.org/new/en/social-and-human-sciences/themes/international-migration/glossary/poverty/>. Accessed on: Dec 29 2014.
UNITED NATIONS. Report of the World Summit for Social Development. United Nations, march 6-12, 1995. Available at: < http://www.un.org/documents/ga/conf166/aconf166-9.htm>, Accessed on: Dec 20 2014.
VERA, Leonardo. Venezuela 1999–2014: Macro-policy, oil governance and economic performance. Comparative Economic Studies, s/l, v. 57, n. 3, p. 539-568, 2015.
VAISMAN, Boris Ackerman. Venezuela¿ Cómo Fue Su Camino A La Servidumbre Del Siglo XXI? Procesos de Mercado, s/l, v.14, n. 2, p.219-237, 2017.
WORLD BANK. Intentional homicides (per 100,000 people). UN Office on Drugs and Crime's International Homicide Statistics database in 2018. Available at: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5. Accessed on: Aug 10 2018.
WORLD BANK GROUP. Doing Business 2018. Reforming to Create Jobs. World Bank Group, october 31, 2017. Available at <http://www.doingbusiness.org/~/media/WBG/DoingBusiness/Documents/Annual-Reports/English/DB2018-Full-Report.pdf>. Accessed on: Jul 1 2018.
WORLD BANK GROUP. Prosperity for All: Ending Extreme Poverty. World Bank Group, Spring Meetings, 2014. Available at: <http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTPROSPECTS/Resources/334934-1327948020811/8401693-1397074077765/Prosperity_for_All_Final_2014.pdf>. Accessed on: Dec
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Published
2018-10-18
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1.
Acevedo RA, Cirocco LH, D’Andrea FAMC. Multipoverty in Venezuela: A Libertarian Approach. MisesJournal [Internet]. 2018 Oct. 18 [cited 2024 Dec. 3];. Available from: https://revistamises.org.br/misesjournal/article/view/949
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